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On one end, organ specific responses with organ specific autoantibodies and T cells produce tissue alteration.

Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is an incendiary circumstance of the inner ear. The reason of AIED is mostly assumed to be related to either antibodies or exempt cells that induce harm to the inner ear. There is evidence that genetically controlled aspects of the immune system may increase or otherwise be associated with increased susceptibility to common hearing disorders such as menieres disease. It seems that allergies can cause or at least are associated with autoimmune inner ear disease. Observation suggests there is a genetic component as autoimmune diseases seem to cluster in families. Interestingly, this trait may show up as several different autoimmune diseases within the same family. However, this genetic predisposition alone does not cause autoimmune diseases to develop. Other factors need to be present as well in order to initiate the disease process.

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 In some patients, there is an overexpression of a protein called anaplastic lymphatic kinase (ALK), in other words, an excessive amount of ALK is shown on the cells.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma can present itself in two forms: it can be systemic in children or young adults or cutaneous (in/on the skin). It can occur at any time between childhood and old age, but is most common in children and young adults. It is about twice as common in men as in women. The causes of anaplastic large cell lymphoma are unknown. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, like other cancers, is not infectious and cannot be passed on to other people. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is classified under non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In anaplastic large cell lymphoma, the cancer cells are mainly of T cell and null cell types. Some HIV-related cases involve B cells. Genetic changes may be present.

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Adenosine deaminase deficiency is a ubiquitous enzyme which seems to be specially important in the evolution of thymocytes.

Adenosine deaminase deficiency is very rare, but very serious, because a malfunctioning immune system leaves the body open to infection from bacteria and viruses. The disease is an autosomal recessive disease caused by receiving a deficient ADA gene from both parents. The disease is caused by a mutation in a gene on chromosome. The gene codes for the enzyme adenosine deaminase. Without this enzyme, the body is unable to break down a toxic substance called deoxyadenosine. This disease is also quite lethal, leading to death in virtually all those afflicted if not treated.

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