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Encephalitis lethargica is an atypical form of encephalitis. The exect cause of encephalitis lethargica is not known for certain.

 Encephalitis lethargica might be an autoimmune disease, where the body’s immune system is triggered by a throat infection (perhaps with a Streptococcus-like bacteria) to attack the nervous system. There is also some evidence of an autoimmune origin with antibodies from patients with encephalitis lethargica binding to neurons in the basal ganglia and mid-brain. Many other names have been given to the condition or to diseases that appear to cause the same symptoms. These include von economo’s disease, cruchet’s disease, akureyri disease, benign myalgic encephalomyelitis and sleeping disease. This disease is more severe. Fortunately, the rapid appearance of symptoms offers more of a chance for quick detection.

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Addison’s disease occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormone cortisol and, in some cases, the hormone aldosterone. It may develop in children as well as adults, and may occur as the result of a large number of underlying causes.

Addison’s disease is a uncommon disorder in which the adrenal gland produces insufficient amounts of steroid hormones. Addison’s disease is also called chronic adrenal insufficiency, hypocortisolism or hypocorticism. The disease is characterized by weight loss, muscle weakness, fatigue, low blood pressure, and sometimes darkening of the skin in both exposed and nonexposed parts of the body. In Addison’s disease, your adrenal glands produce too little cortisol, which is one of the hormones in a group called the glucocorticoids. 

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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is more likely to occur in middle-aged and older individuals.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a serious, life threatening disease. About half of the time, the cause of autoimmune hemolytic anemia cannot be determined. There are two main types of autoimmune hemolytic anemia: warm antibody hemolytic anemia and cold antibody hemolytic anemia. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia can also be caused by or occur with another disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, and rarely it follows the use of certain drugs, such as penicillin. In the warm antibody type, the autoantibodies attach to and destroy red blood cells at temperatures equal to or in excess of normal body temperature. In the cold antibody type, the autoantibodies become most active and attack red blood cells only at temperatures well below normal body temperature.

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